葡酒红菇的生态学研

本研究通过４年对葡酒红菇生态学的调查观察,掌握葡酒红菇的生态环境,以便人工模拟生态环境,栽培引种葡酒红菇。研究结果表明：葡酒红菇是一种外生菌根菌,在相对稳定的生态坏境条件下,平均温度２５—２７℃,相对湿度８０％－１００％,降雨量（土壤含水量）达４０％以上,均有红菇发生,而降雨量力其主导生态因子。每年在夏秋高温闷热阵雨之后为发生盛期。发生地以山中下部为多,林间郁团度０．８左右,土壤ｐＨ值５．６—７．０,其共生树种以壳斗科为主。     

红边绿菇及其近似种的比较研究

本文报道红菇属(Russula)一新种:红边绿菇Russula viridi-rubrolimbata Ying sp.nov.。该种属于红菇科Russulaceae红边红菇组Section Rigidae Fr.变绿红菇亚组Subsection Virescentinae Sing.。新种在菌盖的色泽上,在菌盖表皮的球状胞及其顶生联丝,以及担孢子和囊状体的大小上,均有别于近似种。文中对新种作了汉文和拉丁文描述,文中附有彩图及内部结构图,并讨论了新种与其近似种之间的区别。     

Effect of glucose on protein phosphorylation in rat pancreatic islets

Isolated rat pancreatic islets, incubated in the presence of extracellular ³²Pi to steady state ³²P incorporation into cellular phosphopeptides, were exposed to glucose for 10 min. Glucose (16.7 mM) significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of six phosphoproteins with molecular weights of 15,000, 35,000, 49,000, 64,000, 93,000 and 138,000. Mannoheptulose (16.7 mM) markedly inhibited glucose-stimulated phosphorylation of these six phosphoproteins. This protein phosphorylation might be important in mediating glucose-stimulated insulin release.     

Inhibition of modulation of thymus-leukemia antigens by concanavalin A.

When incubated at 37 °C in medium containing antibodies specific for thymus-leukemia (TL) antigens, viable cells bearing these antigens become resistant to the cytolytic effects of guinea pig complement, a process termed antigenic modulation. Antibody-induced membrane redistribution of the TL antigens, detected by indirect immunofluorescence, occurs with a similar pace. When high concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) were included with antibodies in the incubation medium, TL antigenic modulation as well as antigen patching and capping were markedly inhibited, similar to effects of Con A on membrane immunoglobulin redistribution with murine spleen cells. Colchicine antagonized the inhibition by Con A suggesting the involvement of microtubules. In parallel experiments high concentrations of Con A failed to alter the quantity of TL antigen expression or its rate of change with time during incubation in cognate antisera. These results support the hypotheses that (a) generalized alterations in membrane receptor mobility may be induced by ligand binding to the cell membrane, and (b) under certain conditions stable interactions occur between normally independent cell surface antigens.     

基于Taqman-MGB探针的亚稀褶红菇实时荧光定量PCR检测方法

本研究建立了一种基于Taqman-MGB探针的亚稀褶红菇Russula subnigricans实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。根据亚稀褶红菇与其近似种的内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacers,ITS）序列差异,设计合成1对引物和1条特异性Taqman-MGB探针,并用常见有毒红菇种类进行验证。结果显示,引物特异性良好,仅亚稀褶红菇出现荧光信号,完成整个检测过程只需2h。该法能够为毒蘑菇中毒的快速检测提供技术支持。     

Micosis cutánea por Curvularia pallescens en un paciente trasplantado pulmonar: primer caso descrito en España

BackgroundCurvularia is a filamentous dematiaceous fungus increasingly recognized as a pathogen in immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical entities associated with this fungus are allergic sinusitis, cutaneous infection and keratitis. In this article, a report on the first clinical case of Curvularia pallescens cutaneous infection in Spain and its treatment is described.Case reportA 68 year-old man with a history of lung transplantation presented to Dermatology Unit due to a skin lesion in the knee that had been evolving for 6 months. A skin biopsy was performed for its study. In the histopathological study, an intense and non-specific inflammatory reaction in the dermis was observed, and with Grocott stain and periodic acid Schiff abundant septate hyphae and spores were found in the dermis. The culture of the sample revealed a filamentous fungus whose microscopic examination allowed to identify the genus as Curvularia. Using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and molecular identification, the fungus was finally identified as Curvularia pallescens. The patient underwent surgical resection of the lesion and was treated with posaconazole, evolving favorably.ConclusionsThe species of Curvularia should be considered causal agents of fungal skin infections in immunosuppressed patients. This clinical case, which showed good clinical response after surgical resection and treatment with posaconazole, is the first described in Spain due to this species.     

Fire and local factors shape ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Pinus ponderosa in mountains of the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago

With a warming and drying climate, coniferous forests worldwide are increasingly threatened by wildfires. We examined how fire impacts ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi associated with Pinus ponderosa, an important tree species in western North America. In the biodiverse Madrean Sky Islands, P. ponderosa forests exist on insular mountains separated by arid lands. How do EM fungi in these isolated ranges respond to fire, and can data from individual ranges predict community shifts after fire at a regional scale? By comparing areas in two ranges that experienced moderate fires 12–16 y earlier, and proximate areas in each range without recent fire, we reveal pervasive effects on diversity and composition of EM communities more than a decade after moderate fires occurred. Post-fire differences in EM communities in different ranges highlight the challenge of predicting fungal community shifts in these isolated forests, despite similarities of climate, plant communities, and fire severity.     

正红菇的化学成分的研究

采用GC、HPLC、GC／MS、凝胶过滤层析等方法对正红菇(Russula vinosa)的某些成分的分析结果表明：正红菇其色素由红紫色素和黄色素两个组分组成,其中红紫色素对酸稳定,对碱及高温不稳定,而黄色素对它们则表现一定的稳定性。其多糖含量为2.74％,含有五种多糖组分。在脂肪酸组成上,主要是油酸和亚油酸,并有可能存在EPA和DHA。全氨基酸分析表明含有十六种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的54．4％,所含挥发性物质是a一雪松烯,a一古芸烯及十五到二十烷。正红菇的提取液对细菌、酵母菌、霉菌均有一定抑制作用,对细菌抑制作用优于酵母菌和霉菌,革兰氏阴性细菌优于革兰氏阳性细菌的抑制作用。     

亚稀褶黑菇的化学成分

从剧毒蘑菇─亚稀褶黑菇(Russula subnigricans Hongo)子实体中分离出5个已知化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为4个麦角甾醇(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6α,9α-tetraol(1)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-6-one(2)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol(3)、(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(4)和神经酰胺(2S,3S,4R,2′R)-2-(2′-hydroxytetracosanoylamino)octadecane-1,3,4-triol(5)。